Vue3源码解析之 compiler(三)
前言
前面我们分别分析了 compiler
编译器中 ast
对象、transform
函数,接下来我们就来分析下编译器的最后一部分 generate
函数,该函数主要将 AST
转换为 render
函数。
案例
首先引入 compile
、h
、render
三个函数,声明了一个 template
模板,通过 compile
函数将模板编译成 render
函数,之后创建一个 component
组件,再通过 h
函数生成 vnode
对象,最后执行 render
函数进行渲染。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Document</title>
<script src="../../../dist/vue.global.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
<script>
const { compile, h, render } = Vue
const template = `<div>hello world</div>`
const renderFn = compile(template)
const component = {
render: renderFn
}
const vnode = h(component)
render(vnode, document.querySelector('#app'))
</script>
</body>
</html>
Generate 函数
generate
函数定义在 packages/compiler-core/src/codegen.ts
文件中:
export function generate(
ast: RootNode,
options: CodegenOptions & {
onContextCreated?: (context: CodegenContext) => void
} = {}
): CodegenResult {
const context = createCodegenContext(ast, options)
if (options.onContextCreated) options.onContextCreated(context)
const {
mode,
push,
prefixIdentifiers,
indent,
deindent,
newline,
scopeId,
ssr
} = context
const hasHelpers = ast.helpers.length > 0
const useWithBlock = !prefixIdentifiers && mode !== 'module'
const genScopeId = !__BROWSER__ && scopeId != null && mode === 'module'
const isSetupInlined = !__BROWSER__ && !!options.inline
// preambles
// in setup() inline mode, the preamble is generated in a sub context
// and returned separately.
const preambleContext = isSetupInlined
? createCodegenContext(ast, options)
: context
if (!__BROWSER__ && mode === 'module') {
genModulePreamble(ast, preambleContext, genScopeId, isSetupInlined)
} else {
genFunctionPreamble(ast, preambleContext)
}
// enter render function
const functionName = ssr ? `ssrRender` : `render`
const args = ssr ? ['_ctx', '_push', '_parent', '_attrs'] : ['_ctx', '_cache']
if (!__BROWSER__ && options.bindingMetadata && !options.inline) {
// binding optimization args
args.push('$props', '$setup', '$data', '$options')
}
const signature =
!__BROWSER__ && options.isTS
? args.map(arg => `${arg}: any`).join(',')
: args.join(', ')
if (isSetupInlined) {
push(`(${signature}) => {`)
} else {
push(`function ${functionName}(${signature}) {`)
}
indent()
if (useWithBlock) {
push(`with (_ctx) {`)
indent()
// function mode const declarations should be inside with block
// also they should be renamed to avoid collision with user properties
if (hasHelpers) {
push(`const { ${ast.helpers.map(aliasHelper).join(', ')} } = _Vue`)
push(`\n`)
newline()
}
}
// generate asset resolution statements
if (ast.components.length) {
genAssets(ast.components, 'component', context)
if (ast.directives.length || ast.temps > 0) {
newline()
}
}
if (ast.directives.length) {
genAssets(ast.directives, 'directive', context)
if (ast.temps > 0) {
newline()
}
}
if (__COMPAT__ && ast.filters && ast.filters.length) {
newline()
genAssets(ast.filters, 'filter', context)
newline()
}
if (ast.temps > 0) {
push(`let `)
for (let i = 0; i < ast.temps; i++) {
push(`${i > 0 ? `, ` : ``}_temp${i}`)
}
}
if (ast.components.length || ast.directives.length || ast.temps) {
push(`\n`)
newline()
}
// generate the VNode tree expression
if (!ssr) {
push(`return `)
}
if (ast.codegenNode) {
genNode(ast.codegenNode, context)
} else {
push(`null`)
}
if (useWithBlock) {
deindent()
push(`}`)
}
deindent()
push(`}`)
return {
ast,
code: context.code,
preamble: isSetupInlined ? preambleContext.code : ``,
// SourceMapGenerator does have toJSON() method but it's not in the types
map: context.map ? (context.map as any).toJSON() : undefined
}
}
我们可以发现 generate
函数最终返回的是一个对象,但是 compile
函数最终会返回一个函数,这是怎么回事呢?
Vue
其实会将返回对象中 code
值创建一个函数 new Function(code)()
,即 render
函数,该逻辑定义在 packages/vue-compat/src/index.ts
文件中:
function compileToFunction(
template: string | HTMLElement,
options?: CompilerOptions
): RenderFunction {
// 省略
const { code } = compile(
template,
extend(
{
hoistStatic: true,
whitespace: 'preserve',
onError: __DEV__ ? onError : undefined,
onWarn: __DEV__ ? e => onError(e, true) : NOOP
} as CompilerOptions,
options
)
)
// 省略
// The wildcard import results in a huge object with every export
// with keys that cannot be mangled, and can be quite heavy size-wise.
// In the global build we know `Vue` is available globally so we can avoid
// the wildcard object.
const render = (
__GLOBAL__ ? new Function(code)() : new Function('Vue', code)(runtimeDom)
) as RenderFunction
// mark the function as runtime compiled
;(render as InternalRenderFunction)._rc = true
return (compileCache[key] = render)
}
registerRuntimeCompiler(compileToFunction)
const Vue = createCompatVue()
Vue.compile = compileToFunction
export default Vue
我们再看下 code
属性的值:
所以,函数
本质上是一段 字符串
,而函数的生成主要是对 字符串的拼接方式
以及 字符串的拼接格式
的处理。
通过观察,该函数大致分为四部分:
- 函数的前置代码:
const _Vue = vue
- 函数名:
function render
- 函数参数:
_ctx, _cache
- 函数体:
const...return...
之后通过 push
函数进行字符串拼接,而对于格式化,比如 缩进
、换行
等都是定义了不同方法来处理。了解完这些,我们再回过来看下 generate
函数执行逻辑。
依旧同前面一样,通过 createCodegenContext
方法创建 generate
函数的上下文对象 context
:
function createCodegenContext(
ast: RootNode,
{
mode = 'function',
prefixIdentifiers = mode === 'module',
sourceMap = false,
filename = `template.vue.html`,
scopeId = null,
optimizeImports = false,
runtimeGlobalName = `Vue`,
runtimeModuleName = `vue`,
ssrRuntimeModuleName = 'vue/server-renderer',
ssr = false,
isTS = false,
inSSR = false
}: CodegenOptions
): CodegenContext {
const context: CodegenContext = {
mode,
prefixIdentifiers,
sourceMap,
filename,
scopeId,
optimizeImports,
runtimeGlobalName,
runtimeModuleName,
ssrRuntimeModuleName,
ssr,
isTS,
inSSR,
source: ast.loc.source,
code: ``,
column: 1,
line: 1,
offset: 0,
indentLevel: 0,
pure: false,
map: undefined,
helper(key) {
return `_${helperNameMap[key]}`
},
push(code, node) {
context.code += code
if (!__BROWSER__ && context.map) {
if (node) {
let name
if (node.type === NodeTypes.SIMPLE_EXPRESSION && !node.isStatic) {
const content = node.content.replace(/^_ctx\./, '')
if (content !== node.content && isSimpleIdentifier(content)) {
name = content
}
}
addMapping(node.loc.start, name)
}
advancePositionWithMutation(context, code)
if (node && node.loc !== locStub) {
addMapping(node.loc.end)
}
}
},
indent() {
newline(++context.indentLevel)
},
deindent(withoutNewLine = false) {
if (withoutNewLine) {
--context.indentLevel
} else {
newline(--context.indentLevel)
}
},
newline() {
newline(context.indentLevel)
}
}
function newline(n: number) {
context.push('\n' + ` `.repeat(n))
}
function addMapping(loc: Position, name?: string) {
context.map!.addMapping({
name,
source: context.filename,
original: {
line: loc.line,
column: loc.column - 1 // source-map column is 0 based
},
generated: {
line: context.line,
column: context.column - 1
}
})
}
if (!__BROWSER__ && sourceMap) {
// lazy require source-map implementation, only in non-browser builds
context.map = new SourceMapGenerator()
context.map!.setSourceContent(filename, context.source)
}
return context
}
该对象中包含了 push 拼接
、indent 缩进
、deindent 回退
、newline 换行
等方法,之后执行 genFunctionPreamble
函数:
function genFunctionPreamble(ast: RootNode, context: CodegenContext) {
const {
ssr,
prefixIdentifiers,
push,
newline,
runtimeModuleName,
runtimeGlobalName,
ssrRuntimeModuleName
} = context
const VueBinding =
!__BROWSER__ && ssr
? `require(${JSON.stringify(runtimeModuleName)})`
: runtimeGlobalName
// Generate const declaration for helpers
// In prefix mode, we place the const declaration at top so it's done
// only once; But if we not prefixing, we place the declaration inside the
// with block so it doesn't incur the `in` check cost for every helper access.
if (ast.helpers.length > 0) {
if (!__BROWSER__ && prefixIdentifiers) {
push(
`const { ${ast.helpers.map(aliasHelper).join(', ')} } = ${VueBinding}\n`
)
} else {
// "with" mode.
// save Vue in a separate variable to avoid collision
push(`const _Vue = ${VueBinding}\n`)
// in "with" mode, helpers are declared inside the with block to avoid
// has check cost, but hoists are lifted out of the function - we need
// to provide the helper here.
if (ast.hoists.length) {
const staticHelpers = [
CREATE_VNODE,
CREATE_ELEMENT_VNODE,
CREATE_COMMENT,
CREATE_TEXT,
CREATE_STATIC
]
.filter(helper => ast.helpers.includes(helper))
.map(aliasHelper)
.join(', ')
push(`const { ${staticHelpers} } = _Vue\n`)
}
}
}
// generate variables for ssr helpers
if (!__BROWSER__ && ast.ssrHelpers && ast.ssrHelpers.length) {
// ssr guarantees prefixIdentifier: true
push(
`const { ${ast.ssrHelpers
.map(aliasHelper)
.join(', ')} } = require("${ssrRuntimeModuleName}")\n`
)
}
genHoists(ast.hoists, context)
newline()
push(`return `)
}
执行完 push
方法,函数的前置代码就拼接完成:
之后再执行 newline
换行,再拼接 return
,此时 code
:
跳出该函数,继续执行后续逻辑。接着处理 函数名
和 参数
,拼接完,此时 code
:
接着执行 indent
缩进方法,然后执行到 push(const { ${ast.helpers.map(aliasHelper).join(', ')} } = _Vue)
该逻辑,我们知道 helpers
是存放转换的方法名:
而 aliasHelper
方法会将方法名转换为字符串,即 openBlock: _openBlock
:
const aliasHelper = (s: symbol) => `${helperNameMap[s]}: _${helperNameMap[s]}`
所以上述逻辑执行完,此时 code
:
之后执行到 if(ast.codegenNode)
,当前根节点存在 codegenNode
,执行 genNode
方法:
function genNode(node: CodegenNode | symbol | string, context: CodegenContext) {
if (isString(node)) {
context.push(node)
return
}
if (isSymbol(node)) {
context.push(context.helper(node))
return
}
switch (node.type) {
case NodeTypes.ELEMENT:
case NodeTypes.IF:
case NodeTypes.FOR:
__DEV__ &&
assert(
node.codegenNode != null,
`Codegen node is missing for element/if/for node. ` +
`Apply appropriate transforms first.`
)
genNode(node.codegenNode!, context)
break
case NodeTypes.TEXT:
genText(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.SIMPLE_EXPRESSION:
genExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.INTERPOLATION:
genInterpolation(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.TEXT_CALL:
genNode(node.codegenNode, context)
break
case NodeTypes.COMPOUND_EXPRESSION:
genCompoundExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.COMMENT:
genComment(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.VNODE_CALL:
genVNodeCall(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_CALL_EXPRESSION:
genCallExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_OBJECT_EXPRESSION:
genObjectExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_ARRAY_EXPRESSION:
genArrayExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_FUNCTION_EXPRESSION:
genFunctionExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_CONDITIONAL_EXPRESSION:
genConditionalExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_CACHE_EXPRESSION:
genCacheExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_BLOCK_STATEMENT:
genNodeList(node.body, context, true, false)
break
// SSR only types
case NodeTypes.JS_TEMPLATE_LITERAL:
!__BROWSER__ && genTemplateLiteral(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_IF_STATEMENT:
!__BROWSER__ && genIfStatement(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_ASSIGNMENT_EXPRESSION:
!__BROWSER__ && genAssignmentExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_SEQUENCE_EXPRESSION:
!__BROWSER__ && genSequenceExpression(node, context)
break
case NodeTypes.JS_RETURN_STATEMENT:
!__BROWSER__ && genReturnStatement(node, context)
break
/* istanbul ignore next */
case NodeTypes.IF_BRANCH:
// noop
break
default:
if (__DEV__) {
assert(false, `unhandled codegen node type: ${(node as any).type}`)
// make sure we exhaust all possible types
const exhaustiveCheck: never = node
return exhaustiveCheck
}
}
}
根据逻辑,执行 genVNodeCall
方法:
function genVNodeCall(node: VNodeCall, context: CodegenContext) {
const { push, helper, pure } = context
const {
tag,
props,
children,
patchFlag,
dynamicProps,
directives,
isBlock,
disableTracking,
isComponent
} = node
if (directives) {
push(helper(WITH_DIRECTIVES) + `(`)
}
if (isBlock) {
push(`(${helper(OPEN_BLOCK)}(${disableTracking ? `true` : ``}), `)
}
if (pure) {
push(PURE_ANNOTATION)
}
const callHelper: symbol = isBlock
? getVNodeBlockHelper(context.inSSR, isComponent)
: getVNodeHelper(context.inSSR, isComponent)
push(helper(callHelper) + `(`, node)
genNodeList(
genNullableArgs([tag, props, children, patchFlag, dynamicProps]),
context
)
push(`)`)
if (isBlock) {
push(`)`)
}
if (directives) {
push(`, `)
genNode(directives, context)
push(`)`)
}
}
通过 helper
获取到对应的方法名,此时拼接完 code
为:
接着再执行 genNodeList
方法:
function genNodeList(
nodes: (string | symbol | CodegenNode | TemplateChildNode[])[],
context: CodegenContext,
multilines: boolean = false,
comma: boolean = true
) {
const { push, newline } = context
for (let i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
const node = nodes[i]
if (isString(node)) {
push(node)
} else if (isArray(node)) {
genNodeListAsArray(node, context)
} else {
genNode(node, context)
}
if (i < nodes.length - 1) {
if (multilines) {
comma && push(',')
newline()
} else {
comma && push(', ')
}
}
}
}
第一个参数通过 genNullableArgs
方法生成参数:
function genNullableArgs(args: any[]): CallExpression['arguments'] {
let i = args.length
while (i--) {
if (args[i] != null) break
}
return args.slice(0, i + 1).map(arg => arg || `null`)
}
该方法最终返回结果:
之后执行遍历,如果为字符串直接进行拼接否则执行 genNodeListAsArray
或 genNode
方法,所有拼接完后,最终 code
值为:
至此 generate
函数执行完毕,也代表着 compile
函数执行完成。
总结
- 编译器的处理过程分成了三部分:
ast
、transform
、generate
。 - 第一步,通过
baseParse
函数将模板template
转换为AST
。在这一步中我们使用了有限状态自动机解析模板得到了tokens
,通过扫描tokens
最终得到了AST
。 - 第二步,通过
transform
函数将AST
转换为Javascript AST
。这一步是为了最终生成render
函数做准备,利用了深度优先方式,进行了自下向上的逐层转化。 - 第三步,通过
generate
函数生成render
函数。这一步是最后的解析环节,我们需要对Javascript AST
处理,最终得到render
函数。
Vue3 源码实现
Vue3 源码解析系列
转载自:https://juejin.cn/post/7326378145572519947