Windows | 安装salem&geopandas&rasterio
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前言
近日，闲来无事想要测试 salem 和 geopandas 结合的相关掩膜。很久之前我已经在 Windows 上记录过相关的安装教程，但是最近发现原来安装之后还会产生很多环境依赖的问题。经过两天的测试，终于解决了环境依赖的问题。
发现主要依赖冲突的地方在于 salem 的安装。根据官网的介绍，salem 需要依赖于 rasterio、shapely、geopandas 这三个库，而 rasterio 和 geopandas 又依赖于 GDAL。之前我安装 geopandas 时是通过 pip 安装源文件的，所以导致 geopandas 和 salem 中的 GDAL 和 rasterio 的环境产生了冲突，导致虽然明面上安装成功了，但是实际运行时会出现 rasterio 无法导入、GDAL 无法查找到路径等问题。
此外，在安装 salem 过程中还需要安装 netCDF4，进行 nc 文件的读取。而单独安装 salem 过程中也会导致额外安装的 xarray 出现问题，无法正常读取 nc 文件。
此外，由于安装geopandas过程需要依赖投影 pyproj 这个库，而 cartopy 这个库对于不同的 Python 版本所需要的 pyproj 也是不一样的，所以会导致geopandas安装的 pyproj 与 cartopy 不适配，导致无法成功进行投影绘图。
综上，通过单一的 pip 指令安装 salem 和 geopandas 无法解决环境依赖问题，所以这里将采用 conda 进行安装，依次解决不同库之间的环境依赖问题。
解决方法
环境准备
-
anaconda 环境
-
创建一个虚拟环境
conda create -n py311 python=3.11
在3.8和3.11版本的python测试成功，这里以python=3.11版本进行演示
- windows系统
进入虚拟环境
conda activate py311
salem官网中介绍的依赖环境如下所示：
Python 3+
numpy (of course)
scipy: for its interpolation tools, among other things
pyproj: for map projections transformations
netCDF4: to read most geoscientific files
pandas: working with labeled data
xarray : pandas in N-dimensions
joblib: for it’s Memory class
这里将所需要的依赖环境以及常用的库一下全部进行安装，额外安装的包括：xarray、wrf-python、cartopy、geopandas、rasterio、cmaps,可以根据需要进行额外添加。以上的库保证了基本的nc文件读取以及可视化不会出现问题。
安装命令采用forge安装：
conda install conda-forge::gdal rasterio shapely geopandas scipy pyproj netCDF4 xarray joblib salem pillow matplotlib scikit-image cartopy wrf-python cmaps
等待安装结束后，运行相关代码，成功搞定！！！
以下附上所有安装库的对应版本，方便一键进行安装。
conda env create -f environment.yml
name: py311
channels:
- conda-forge
- defaults
dependencies:
- affine=2.3.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- alabaster=0.7.12=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- aom=3.7.1=h63175ca_0
- arrow=1.2.3=py311haa95532_1
- astroid=2.14.2=py311haa95532_0
- asttokens=2.0.5=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- atomicwrites=1.4.0=py_0
- attrs=23.1.0=py311haa95532_0
- autopep8=2.0.4=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- aws-c-auth=0.7.16=h7613915_8
- aws-c-cal=0.6.10=hf6fcf4e_2
- aws-c-common=0.9.14=hcfcfb64_0
- aws-c-compression=0.2.18=hf6fcf4e_2
- aws-c-event-stream=0.4.2=h3df98b0_6
- aws-c-http=0.8.1=h4e3df0f_7
- aws-c-io=0.14.6=hf0b8b6f_2
- aws-c-mqtt=0.10.3=h96fac68_2
- aws-c-s3=0.5.4=h08df315_0
- aws-c-sdkutils=0.1.15=hf6fcf4e_2
- aws-checksums=0.1.18=hf6fcf4e_2
- aws-crt-cpp=0.26.4=hbe739fa_2
- aws-sdk-cpp=1.11.267=hfaf0dd0_4
- azure-core-cpp=1.11.1=h249a519_1
- azure-storage-blobs-cpp=12.10.0=h91493d7_1
- azure-storage-common-cpp=12.5.0=h91493d7_4
- babel=2.11.0=py311haa95532_0
- bcrypt=3.2.0=py311h2bbff1b_1
- beautifulsoup4=4.12.2=py311haa95532_0
- binaryornot=0.4.4=pyhd3eb1b0_1
- black=23.11.0=py311haa95532_0
- blas=1.0=mkl
- bleach=4.1.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- blosc=1.21.5=hdccc3a2_0
- bottleneck=1.3.7=py311hd7041d2_0
- branca=0.6.0=py311haa95532_0
- brotli=1.0.9=ha925a31_2
- brotli-python=1.0.9=py311hd77b12b_7
- bzip2=1.0.8=h2bbff1b_5
- c-ares=1.28.1=hcfcfb64_0
- c-blosc2=2.14.0=h183a6f4_0
- ca-certificates=2024.3.11=haa95532_0
- cairo=1.18.0=h1fef639_0
- cartopy=0.22.0=py311h786e728_0
- certifi=2024.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- cffi=1.16.0=py311h2bbff1b_0
- cfitsio=4.4.0=h9b0cee5_0
- cftime=1.6.2=py311h5bb9823_0
- chardet=4.0.0=py311haa95532_1003
- charls=2.4.2=h1537add_0
- charset-normalizer=2.0.4=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- click=8.1.7=py311haa95532_0
- click-plugins=1.1.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- cligj=0.7.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- cloudpickle=2.2.1=py311haa95532_0
- cmaps=2.0.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0
- colorama=0.4.6=py311haa95532_0
- comm=0.2.1=py311haa95532_0
- contourpy=1.2.0=py311h59b6b97_0
- cookiecutter=2.6.0=py311haa95532_0
- cryptography=42.0.5=py311h89fc84f_0
- cycler=0.11.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- dav1d=1.2.1=h2bbff1b_0
- debugpy=1.6.7=py311hd77b12b_0
- decorator=5.1.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- defusedxml=0.7.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- diff-match-patch=20200713=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- dill=0.3.7=py311haa95532_0
- docstring-to-markdown=0.11=py311haa95532_0
- docutils=0.18.1=py311haa95532_3
- executing=0.8.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- expat=2.6.2=h63175ca_0
- flake8=7.0.0=py311haa95532_0
- fmt=10.2.1=h181d51b_0
- folium=0.14.0=py311haa95532_0
- font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono=2.37=hd3eb1b0_0
- font-ttf-inconsolata=2.001=hcb22688_0
- font-ttf-source-code-pro=2.030=hd3eb1b0_0
- font-ttf-ubuntu=0.83=h8b1ccd4_0
- fontconfig=2.14.2=hbde0cde_0
- fonts-anaconda=1=h8fa9717_0
- fonts-conda-ecosystem=1=hd3eb1b0_0
- fonttools=4.25.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- freetype=2.12.1=ha860e81_0
- freexl=2.0.0=hd7a5696_0
- geopandas=0.14.2=py311haa95532_0
- geopandas-base=0.14.2=py311haa95532_0
- geos=3.12.1=h1537add_0
- geotiff=1.7.1=hbf5ca3a_15
- gettext=0.21.1=h5728263_0
- giflib=5.2.1=h8cc25b3_3
- glib=2.80.0=h39d0aa6_1
- glib-tools=2.80.0=h0a98069_1
- gst-plugins-base=1.22.9=h001b923_1
- gstreamer=1.22.9=hb4038d2_1
- hdf4=4.2.15=h5557f11_7
- hdf5=1.14.3=nompi_h73e8ff5_100
- icc_rt=2022.1.0=h6049295_2
- icu=73.2=h63175ca_0
- idna=3.4=py311haa95532_0
- imagecodecs=2024.1.1=py311hd83dc81_3
- imageio=2.33.1=py311haa95532_0
- imagesize=1.4.1=py311haa95532_0
- importlib-metadata=7.0.1=py311haa95532_0
- importlib_metadata=7.0.1=hd3eb1b0_0
- inflection=0.5.1=py311haa95532_0
- intel-openmp=2023.1.0=h59b6b97_46320
- intervaltree=3.1.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- ipykernel=6.28.0=py311haa95532_0
- ipython=8.20.0=py311haa95532_0
- isort=5.9.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- jaraco.classes=3.2.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- jedi=0.18.1=py311haa95532_1
- jellyfish=1.0.1=py311h36a85e1_0
- jinja2=3.1.3=py311haa95532_0
- joblib=1.2.0=py311haa95532_0
- jsonschema=4.19.2=py311haa95532_0
- jsonschema-specifications=2023.7.1=py311haa95532_0
- jupyter_client=8.6.0=py311haa95532_0
- jupyter_core=5.5.0=py311haa95532_0
- jupyterlab_pygments=0.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- jxrlib=1.1=he774522_2
- kealib=1.5.3=hd248416_0
- keyring=24.3.1=py311haa95532_0
- kiwisolver=1.4.4=py311hd77b12b_0
- krb5=1.21.2=heb0366b_0
- lazy-object-proxy=1.6.0=py311h2bbff1b_0
- lazy_loader=0.3=py311haa95532_0
- lcms2=2.16=h67d730c_0
- lerc=4.0.0=h63175ca_0
- libabseil=20240116.1=cxx17_h63175ca_2
- libaec=1.1.3=h63175ca_0
- libarchive=3.7.2=h313118b_1
- libavif=1.0.1=h7a9aacb_3
- libbrotlicommon=1.1.0=hcfcfb64_1
- libbrotlidec=1.1.0=hcfcfb64_1
- libbrotlienc=1.1.0=hcfcfb64_1
- libclang13=18.1.2=default_hf64faad_1
- libcrc32c=1.1.2=hd77b12b_0
- libcurl=8.7.1=hd5e4a3a_0
- libdeflate=1.20=hcfcfb64_0
- libexpat=2.6.2=h63175ca_0
- libffi=3.4.4=hd77b12b_0
- libgdal=3.8.4=hf83a0e2_5
- libglib=2.80.0=h39d0aa6_1
- libgoogle-cloud=2.22.0=h9cad5c0_1
- libgoogle-cloud-storage=2.22.0=hb581fae_1
- libgrpc=1.62.1=h5273850_0
- libiconv=1.17=hcfcfb64_2
- libjpeg-turbo=3.0.0=hcfcfb64_1
- libkml=1.3.0=h63940dd_7
- libnetcdf=4.9.2=nompi_h07c049d_113
- libogg=1.3.5=h2bbff1b_1
- libpng=1.6.43=h19919ed_0
- libpq=16.2=hdb24f17_1
- libprotobuf=4.25.3=h503648d_0
- libre2-11=2023.09.01=hf8d8778_2
- librttopo=1.1.0=h94c4f80_15
- libsodium=1.0.18=h62dcd97_0
- libspatialindex=1.9.3=h6c2663c_0
- libspatialite=5.1.0=hf2f0abc_4
- libsqlite=3.45.2=hcfcfb64_0
- libssh2=1.11.0=h7dfc565_0
- libtiff=4.6.0=hddb2be6_3
- libvorbis=1.3.7=he774522_0
- libwebp-base=1.3.2=h2bbff1b_0
- libxcb=1.15=hcd874cb_0
- libxml2=2.12.6=hc3477c8_1
- libzip=1.10.1=h1d365fa_3
- libzlib=1.2.13=hcfcfb64_5
- libzopfli=1.0.3=ha925a31_0
- lz4-c=1.9.4=h2bbff1b_0
- lzo=2.10=he774522_2
- m2w64-gcc-libgfortran=5.3.0=6
- m2w64-gcc-libs=5.3.0=7
- m2w64-gcc-libs-core=5.3.0=7
- m2w64-gmp=6.1.0=2
- m2w64-libwinpthread-git=5.0.0.4634.697f757=2
- mapclassify=2.5.0=py311haa95532_0
- markdown-it-py=2.2.0=py311haa95532_1
- markupsafe=2.1.3=py311h2bbff1b_0
- matplotlib=3.8.0=py311haa95532_0
- matplotlib-base=3.8.0=py311hf62ec03_0
- matplotlib-inline=0.1.6=py311haa95532_0
- mccabe=0.7.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- mdurl=0.1.0=py311haa95532_0
- minizip=4.0.3=hb68bac4_0
- mistune=2.0.4=py311haa95532_0
- mkl=2023.1.0=h6b88ed4_46358
- mkl-service=2.4.0=py311h2bbff1b_1
- mkl_fft=1.3.8=py311h2bbff1b_0
- mkl_random=1.2.4=py311h59b6b97_0
- more-itertools=10.1.0=py311haa95532_0
- msys2-conda-epoch=20160418=1
- munkres=1.1.4=py_0
- mypy_extensions=1.0.0=py311haa95532_0
- nbclient=0.8.0=py311haa95532_0
- nbconvert=7.10.0=py311haa95532_0
- nbformat=5.9.2=py311haa95532_0
- nest-asyncio=1.6.0=py311haa95532_0
- netcdf4=1.6.5=nompi_py311he019f65_100
- networkx=3.1=py311haa95532_0
- numexpr=2.8.7=py311h1fcbade_0
- numpy=1.26.4=py311hdab7c0b_0
- numpy-base=1.26.4=py311hd01c5d8_0
- numpydoc=1.5.0=py311haa95532_0
- openjpeg=2.5.2=h3d672ee_0
- openssl=3.2.1=hcfcfb64_1
- packaging=23.2=py311haa95532_0
- pandas=2.2.1=py311hea22821_0
- pandocfilters=1.5.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- paramiko=2.8.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- parso=0.8.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- pathspec=0.10.3=py311haa95532_0
- pcre2=10.43=h17e33f8_0
- pexpect=4.8.0=pyhd3eb1b0_3
- pickleshare=0.7.5=pyhd3eb1b0_1003
- pip=23.3.1=py311haa95532_0
- pixman=0.43.4=h63175ca_0
- platformdirs=3.10.0=py311haa95532_0
- pluggy=1.0.0=py311haa95532_1
- ply=3.11=py311haa95532_0
- poppler=24.03.0=hc2f3c52_0
- poppler-data=0.4.11=haa95532_1
- postgresql=16.2=h94c9ec1_1
- proj=9.3.1=ha107b6e_0
- prompt-toolkit=3.0.43=py311haa95532_0
- prompt_toolkit=3.0.43=hd3eb1b0_0
- psutil=5.9.0=py311h2bbff1b_0
- pthread-stubs=0.3=h3c9f919_1
- ptyprocess=0.7.0=pyhd3eb1b0_2
- pure_eval=0.2.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- pycodestyle=2.11.1=py311haa95532_0
- pycparser=2.21=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- pydocstyle=6.3.0=py311haa95532_0
- pyflakes=3.2.0=py311haa95532_0
- pygments=2.15.1=py311haa95532_1
- pylint=2.16.2=py311haa95532_0
- pylint-venv=3.0.3=py311haa95532_0
- pyls-spyder=0.4.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- pynacl=1.5.0=py311h8cc25b3_0
- pyparsing=3.0.9=py311haa95532_0
- pyqt=5.15.10=py311hd77b12b_0
- pyqt5-sip=12.13.0=py311h2bbff1b_0
- pyqtwebengine=5.15.10=py311hd77b12b_0
- pyshp=2.3.1=py311haa95532_0
- pysocks=1.7.1=py311haa95532_0
- python=3.11.8=he1021f5_0
- python-dateutil=2.8.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- python-fastjsonschema=2.16.2=py311haa95532_0
- python-lsp-black=2.0.0=py311haa95532_0
- python-lsp-jsonrpc=1.1.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- python-lsp-server=1.10.0=py311haa95532_0
- python-slugify=5.0.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- python-tzdata=2023.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- python_abi=3.11=2_cp311
- pytoolconfig=1.2.6=py311haa95532_0
- pytz=2023.3.post1=py311haa95532_0
- pywin32=305=py311h2bbff1b_0
- pywin32-ctypes=0.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- pyyaml=6.0.1=py311h2bbff1b_0
- pyzmq=25.1.2=py311hd77b12b_0
- qdarkstyle=3.2.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- qstylizer=0.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- qt-main=5.15.8=h9e85ed6_20
- qt-webengine=5.15.9=h5bd16bc_7
- qtawesome=1.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- qtconsole=5.5.1=py311haa95532_0
- qtpy=2.4.1=py311haa95532_0
- rav1e=0.6.6=h975169c_2
- re2=2023.09.01=hd3b24a8_2
- referencing=0.30.2=py311haa95532_0
- requests=2.31.0=py311haa95532_1
- rich=13.3.5=py311haa95532_0
- rope=1.12.0=py311haa95532_0
- rpds-py=0.10.6=py311h062c2fa_0
- rtree=1.0.1=py311h2eaa2aa_0
- scikit-image=0.22.0=py311hb4ba03d_0
- scikit-learn=1.2.2=py311hd77b12b_1
- scipy=1.12.0=py311h9f229c6_0
- setuptools=68.2.2=py311haa95532_0
- sip=6.7.12=py311hd77b12b_0
- six=1.16.0=pyhd3eb1b0_1
- snappy=1.1.10=h6c2663c_1
- snowballstemmer=2.2.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- snuggs=1.4.7=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sortedcontainers=2.4.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- soupsieve=2.5=py311haa95532_0
- spdlog=1.12.0=h64d2f7d_2
- sphinx=5.0.2=py311haa95532_0
- sphinxcontrib-applehelp=1.0.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sphinxcontrib-devhelp=1.0.2=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp=2.0.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sphinxcontrib-jsmath=1.0.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sphinxcontrib-qthelp=1.0.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml=1.1.5=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- spyder=5.5.1=py311haa95532_0
- spyder-kernels=2.5.0=py311haa95532_0
- sqlite=3.41.2=h2bbff1b_0
- stack_data=0.2.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- svt-av1=1.7.0=h63175ca_0
- tbb=2021.8.0=h59b6b97_0
- text-unidecode=1.3=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- textdistance=4.2.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- threadpoolctl=2.2.0=pyh0d69192_0
- three-merge=0.1.1=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- tifffile=2023.4.12=py311haa95532_0
- tiledb=2.21.1=h25b666a_1
- tinycss2=1.2.1=py311haa95532_0
- tk=8.6.13=h5226925_1
- tomli=2.0.1=py311haa95532_0
- tomlkit=0.11.1=py311haa95532_0
- tornado=6.3.3=py311h2bbff1b_0
- traitlets=5.7.1=py311haa95532_0
- tzdata=2024a=h04d1e81_0
- ucrt=10.0.20348.0=haa95532_0
- ujson=5.4.0=py311hd77b12b_0
- unidecode=1.2.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- uriparser=0.9.7=h2bbff1b_0
- urllib3=2.1.0=py311haa95532_1
- vc=14.2=h21ff451_1
- vc14_runtime=14.38.33130=h82b7239_18
- vs2015_runtime=14.38.33130=hcb4865c_18
- watchdog=2.1.6=py311haa95532_0
- wcwidth=0.2.5=pyhd3eb1b0_0
- webencodings=0.5.1=py311haa95532_1
- whatthepatch=1.0.2=py311haa95532_0
- wheel=0.41.2=py311haa95532_0
- win_inet_pton=1.1.0=py311haa95532_0
- wrapt=1.14.1=py311h2bbff1b_0
- wrf-python=1.3.4.1=py311hc52a59b_3
- xarray=2023.6.0=py311haa95532_0
- xerces-c=3.2.5=h63175ca_0
- xorg-libxau=1.0.11=hcd874cb_0
- xorg-libxdmcp=1.1.3=hcd874cb_0
- xyzservices=2022.9.0=py311haa95532_1
- xz=5.4.6=h8cc25b3_0
- yaml=0.2.5=he774522_0
- yapf=0.40.2=py311haa95532_0
- zeromq=4.3.5=hd77b12b_0
- zfp=1.0.1=h63175ca_0
- zipp=3.17.0=py311haa95532_0
- zlib=1.2.13=hcfcfb64_5
- zlib-ng=2.0.7=h2bbff1b_0
- zstd=1.5.5=hd43e919_0
- pip:
- descartes==1.1.0
- fiona==1.8.21
- gdal==3.4.3
- global-land-mask==1.0.0
- munch==4.0.0
- pillow==9.1.1
- pooch==1.8.1
- pyogrio==0.7.2
- pyproj==3.3.1
- rasterio==1.2.10
- regionmask==0.12.1
- salem==0.3.5
- shapely==1.8.2
prefix: D:\anaconda\ANACONDA\envs\py311
封面来源：