手把手教你如何使用webpack 生成css sprites
前言
我们在开发网站的时候,通常会把常用的图标合并成css sprite(雪碧图),可以有效的减少站点的http请求数量,从而提高网站性能。
下面让我们一起来学习一下如何使用webpack
合并sprite图。
准备
webpack
webpack-spritesmith
插件file-loader
sass-loader
(因为webpack-spritesmith
除了生成雪碧图之外,还会生成相应的mixin
,使用起来很方便,所以要用sass
)- 这里我还使用了
ExtractTextPlugin
来提取css文件,这不是必须的你也可以不用,用的话需要安装extract-text-webpack-plugin
这个插件
使用npm安装好上面的东西
下面请开始我们的表演
step1:将我们要合并的图标准备好,放在src下的ico文件夹下
给大家分享一个好用的icon下载网站,里面的图标风格我很喜欢,而且是免费的哦,大家也可以到里面去下载自己喜欢的icon用于本次练习
这是我下载的png图片




step2 在你的webpack.config.js中按下面这样编写
const path = require('path');
const SpritesmithPlugin = require('webpack-spritesmith');
module.export = {
// ...
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /png$/
loader:[
'file-loader?name=i/[hash].[ext]'
]
},
{
test: /\.(css|scss)$/,
use: ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
fallback: 'style-loader',
use: ['css-loader', 'postcss-loader', 'sass-loader']
})
}
]
},
resolve: {
modules: [
'node_modules',
'assets/sprite' //css在哪里能找到sprite图
]
},
plugins: [
new SpritesmithPlugin({
src: {
cwd: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/ico'), //准备合并成sprit的图片存放文件夹
glob: '*.png' //哪类图片
},
target: {
image: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/assets/sprites.png'), // sprite图片保存路径
css: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/assets/_sprites.scss') // 生成的sass保存在哪里
},
apiOptions: {
cssImageRef: "~sprite.png" //css根据该指引找到sprite图
}
})
]
}
step3 在你的scss
文件中@import
导入生成的文件
@import '../../../assets/sprite/_sprite.scss'; //路径请自行更改
.facebook{
@include sprite($facebook);
}
.twitter{
@include sprite($twitter);
}
.google{
@include sprite($google);
}
step4 运行webpack,看到我们的sprite图已经被用在我们的站点上了
/assets/sprite/sprite.png就是我们生成的sprite图了

看看同时生成的sass文件
// SCSS variables are information about icon's compiled state, stored under its original file name//// .icon-home {// width: $icon-home-width;// }//// The large array-like variables contain all information about a single icon// $icon-home: x y offset_x offset_y width height total_width total_height image_path;//// At the bottom of this section, we provide information about the spritesheet itself// $spritesheet: width height image $spritesheet-sprites;$facebook-name: 'facebook';$facebook-x: 0px;$facebook-y: 0px;$facebook-offset-x: 0px;$facebook-offset-y: 0px;$facebook-width: 64px;$facebook-height: 64px;$facebook-total-width: 128px;$facebook-total-height: 128px;$facebook-image: '~sprite.png';$facebook: (0px, 0px, 0px, 0px, 64px, 64px, 128px, 128px, '~sprite.png', 'facebook', );$google-name: 'google';$google-x: 64px;$google-y: 0px;$google-offset-x: -64px;$google-offset-y: 0px;$google-width: 64px;$google-height: 64px;$google-total-width: 128px;$google-total-height: 128px;$google-image: '~sprite.png';$google: (64px, 0px, -64px, 0px, 64px, 64px, 128px, 128px, '~sprite.png', 'google', );$twitter-name: 'twitter';$twitter-x: 0px;$twitter-y: 64px;$twitter-offset-x: 0px;$twitter-offset-y: -64px;$twitter-width: 64px;$twitter-height: 64px;$twitter-total-width: 128px;$twitter-total-height: 128px;$twitter-image: '~sprite.png';$twitter: (0px, 64px, 0px, -64px, 64px, 64px, 128px, 128px, '~sprite.png', 'twitter', );$spritesheet-width: 128px;$spritesheet-height: 128px;$spritesheet-image: '~sprite.png';$spritesheet-sprites: ($facebook, $google, $twitter, );$spritesheet: (128px, 128px, '~sprite.png', $spritesheet-sprites, );// The provided mixins are intended to be used with the array-like variables//// .icon-home {// @include sprite-width($icon-home);// }//// .icon-email {// @include sprite($icon-email);// }//// Example usage in HTML://// `display: block` sprite:// <div class="icon-home"></div>//// To change `display` (e.g. `display: inline-block;`), we suggest using a common CSS class://// // CSS// .icon {// display: inline-block;// }//// // HTML// <i class="icon icon-home"></i>@mixin sprite-width($sprite) { width: nth($sprite, 5);}@mixin sprite-height($sprite) { height: nth($sprite, 6);}@mixin sprite-position($sprite) { $sprite-offset-x: nth($sprite, 3); $sprite-offset-y: nth($sprite, 4); background-position: $sprite-offset-x $sprite-offset-y;}@mixin sprite-image($sprite) { $sprite-image: nth($sprite, 9); background-image: url(#{$sprite-image});}@mixin sprite($sprite) { @include sprite-image($sprite); @include sprite-position($sprite); @include sprite-width($sprite); @include sprite-height($sprite);}// The `sprites` mixin generates identical output to the CSS template// but can be overridden inside of SCSS//// @include sprites($spritesheet-sprites);@mixin sprites($sprites) { @each $sprite in $sprites { $sprite-name: nth($sprite, 10); .#{$sprite-name} { @include sprite($sprite); } }}
最后看看应用在网站上的效果

总结
好了,以上就是webpack生成css sprite的办法了,是不是觉着很简单呢,如果本文对您有帮助,请记得点个赞哦。
参考
转载自:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903501890322440