MySQL 死锁套路:唯一索引 S 锁与 X 锁的爱恨情仇
上一篇文章介绍了使用调试 MySQL 源码的方式来查看死锁的过程,这篇文章来讲讲一个常见的案例。
毫不夸张的说,有一半以上的死锁问题由唯一索引贡献,后面介绍的很多死锁的问题都跟唯一索引有关。这次我们讲一段唯一索引 S 锁与 X 锁的爱恨情仇
我们来看一个简化过的例子
# 构造数据
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10),
`level` int(11),
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `uk_name` (`name`)
);
# 注意这里有插入一条初始化的数据,否则不会出现死锁
INSERT INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);
# 出现问题的sql语句如下,并发情况下就会出现死锁
INSERT ignore INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";
我们用之前介绍过的源码分析方式,先来看下这两条语句分别加什么锁,然后分析死锁形成的过程。
第一条语句
INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);
在调试中得到的结果如下

第二条语句
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";
通过唯一键更新数据库字段。
这种情况在之前的文章已经介绍过,会对唯一索引加 X 锁,然后对主键索引加 X 锁


- 开启两个 session,分别 begin
- session1 执行
INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);
- session2 执行
INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);
- session1 执行
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";
进入等待状态 - session2 执行
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";
,死锁产生,被回滚,同时事务 1 执行成功
详细的锁状态变化如下
t1 | t2 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
INSERT IGNORE INTO | - | t1成功获得uk的S锁 DB_SUCCESS |
- | INSERT IGNORE INTO | t2成功获得uk的S锁 DB_SUCCESS |
UPDATE | - | t1尝试获得uk的X锁,但没有成功,处于等待状态 DB_LOCK_WAIT |
- | UPDATE | t2尝试获得uk的X锁,发现死锁产生 DB_DEADLOCK |
- | Deadlock | t2释放S锁 |
成功 | - | - |
死锁日志如下:
LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
------------------------
181208 23:00:52
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 53A7, ACTIVE 162 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 12, OS thread handle 0x700010522000, query id 1424 localhost root Updating
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 53A8, ACTIVE 8 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 96, OS thread handle 0x70001062e000, query id 1425 localhost root Updating
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock mode S
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)
来详细看一下这个死锁日志
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index
uk_name
of tablelock_demo2
.t1
trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
事务 1 想获取 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁 (非 gap 锁的记录锁)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index
uk_name
of tablelock_demo2
.t1
trx id 53A8 lock mode S
事务 2 持有uk_name 唯一索引上的 S 锁(共享锁)
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index
uk_name
of tablelock_demo2
.t1
trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
事务 2 想获得 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁(非 gap 锁的记录锁)
跟之前理论上推断的结论是一致的
转载自:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903848176435207