webpack
3.1 Vue2
3.1.1 使用vue-cli2版本创建vue项目
因为我原来的vue-cli版本比较高,所以我先卸载高版本的
3.1.1.1 卸载版本
/卸载3.0之前的版本
npm uninstall -g vue-cli
yarn global remove vue-cli
//卸载3.0之后的版本(可以统一使用此指令卸载)
npm uninstall -g @vue/cli
yarn global remove @vue/cli
3.1.1.2 安装最新版本
// 安装最新版本
npm install -g @vue/cli
或者
yarn global add @vue/cli
// 安装vue-cli2的版本
npm install -g vue-cli
3.1.1.3 安装指定版本
//安装2.9.6版本
npm install -g vue-cli@2.9.6
yarn global add vue-cli@2.9.6
//安装3.0.3版本
npm install -g @vue/cli@3.0.3
yarn global add @vue/cli@3.0.3
//安装4.0.5版本
npm install -g @vue/cli@4.0.5
yarn global add @vue/cli@4.0.5
3.1.1.4 安装过程
安装完脚手架之后,就使用vue-cli2创建项目的命令,初始化一个项目,我没有安装webpack,我想看看它能不能跑 vue init webpack vue-cli2的脚手架的vue项目
使用npm run dev
启动项目,项目成功启动
3.1.1.5 目录结构
vue-cli2基于的webpack版本
build
build.js
'use strict' // 严格模式
require('./check-versions')() // 引入检查版本的文本并且立即执行
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production' // 设置环境是生产环境(服务器) development是开发环境(本地)
const ora = require('ora') // ora包⽤于显⽰加载中的效果,类似于前端页⾯的loading效果
const rm = require('rimraf') // 以包的形式包装••rm -rf••命令,用来删除文件和文件夹的
const path = require('path') // path 模块提供了用于处理文件和目录的路径的实用工具
const chalk = require('chalk') // chalk是一个可以修改终端输出字符样式的npm包
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config') // 引入项目中的config 目录
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf') // 引入webpack中生产环境配置
const spinner = ora('building for production...') // 打包时会显示的提示语
spinner.start() // 开始执行加载动画
rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
// 删除dist以及static目录及所有文件
if (err) throw err
webpack(webpackConfig, (err, stats) => {
spinner.stop()
if (err) throw err
process.stdout.write(
// process.stdout.write与console.log相似
stats.toString({
colors: true,
modules: false,
children: false, // If you are using ts-loader, setting this to true will make TypeScript errors show up during build.
chunks: false, // 额外代码块终止
chunkModules: false // 额外代码块的依赖模块
}) + '\n\n'
)
if (stats.hasErrors()) {
console.log(chalk.red(' Build failed with errors.\n'))
process.exit(1) // 强制退出进程
}
console.log(chalk.cyan(' Build complete.\n'))
console.log(
chalk.yellow(
' Tip: built files are meant to be served over an HTTP server.\n' +
" Opening index.html over file:// won't work.\n"
)
)
})
})
check-versions.js
'use strict'
const chalk = require('chalk') // chalk是一个可以修改终端输出字符样式的npm包
const semver = require('semver') // semver模块是一个专门处理与版本相关的工具包
const packageConfig = require('../package.json') // 应用包管理文件
const shell = require('shelljs') // 用来执行unix命令的包。
//封装方法 用来获取纯净的版本号
//child_process是node用来创建子进程 execSync是创建同步进程
function exec(cmd) {
return require('child_process')
.execSync(cmd)
.toString()
.trim()
}
const versionRequirements = [
{
name: 'node',
// 当前的node版本号
currentVersion: semver.clean(process.version),
// 要求的node版本号
versionRequirement: packageConfig.engines.node
}
]
if (shell.which('npm')) {
// 将npm添加到versionRequirements中
versionRequirements.push({
name: 'npm',
// 当前的npm版本
currentVersion: exec('npm --version'),
// 要求的npm版本
versionRequirement: packageConfig.engines.npm
})
}
module.exports = function() {
const warnings = []
for (let i = 0; i < versionRequirements.length; i++) {
const mod = versionRequirements[i]
// 如果当前版本号不符合要求的版本号,那么就将提示信息添加到wranings
if (!semver.satisfies(mod.currentVersion, mod.versionRequirement)) {
warnings.push(
mod.name +
': ' +
chalk.red(mod.currentVersion) +
' should be ' +
chalk.green(mod.versionRequirement)
)
}
}
// 如果有warnings 那么就打印出来
if (warnings.length) {
console.log('')
console.log(
chalk.yellow(
'To use this template, you must update following to modules:'
)
)
console.log()
for (let i = 0; i < warnings.length; i++) {
const warning = warnings[i]
console.log(' ' + warning)
}
console.log()
// 执行失败
process.exit(1)
}
}
utils.js
'use strict'
const path = require('path') //导入path
const config = require('../config') // 导入config文件
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin') // 导入extract-text-webpack-plugin 用来抽离css 防止css打包压缩到js中
const packageConfig = require('../package.json') // 导入包管理文件
exports.assetsPath = function(_path) {
const assetsSubDirectory =
process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' // 生产环境
? config.build.assetsSubDirectory
: config.dev.assetsSubDirectory
// path.posix是处理跨操作系统 path.join是用\拼接路径片
return path.posix.join(assetsSubDirectory, _path)
}
exports.cssLoaders = function(options) {
options = options || {}
// 该cssLoaders是为了下面的styleLoaders服务
const cssLoader = {
loader: 'css-loader',
options: {
// 是否开启sourceMap 用来调试
sourceMap: options.sourceMap
}
}
// postcssLoader基本配置 用来添加浏览器前缀
const postcssLoader = {
loader: 'postcss-loader',
options: {
sourceMap: options.sourceMap
}
}
// generate loader string to be used with extract text plugin
// 封装函数 添加相应的css预处理器的插件
function generateLoaders(loader, loaderOptions) {
// 将上面的cssLoader放在一个数组中
const loaders = options.usePostCSS
? [cssLoader, postcssLoader]
: [cssLoader]
// 如果该函数传达了loader那就添加到loaders中,该loader可能是less/sass等
if (loader) {
loaders.push({
loader: loader + '-loader',
options: Object.assign({}, loaderOptions, {
sourceMap: options.sourceMap
})
})
}
// Extract CSS when that option is specified
// (which is the case during production build)
// 根据是否抽离css 返回最终读取和导入loader 来处理对应类型的文件
// 是否抽离css
if (options.extract) {
// 提取抽离css
return ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
use: loaders,
fallback: 'vue-style-loader'
})
} else {
// 不抽离
return ['vue-style-loader'].concat(loaders)
}
}
// https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/configurations/extract-css.html
// css预加载器
return {
css: generateLoaders(),
postcss: generateLoaders(),
less: generateLoaders('less'),
sass: generateLoaders('sass', { indentedSyntax: true }),
scss: generateLoaders('sass'),
stylus: generateLoaders('stylus'),
styl: generateLoaders('stylus')
}
}
// 主要处理Import方式导入的文件类型的打包,上面的cssLoaders是为这步服务
// Generate loaders for standalone style files (outside of .vue)
exports.styleLoaders = function(options) {
const output = []
const loaders = exports.cssLoaders(options)
for (const extension in loaders) {
const loader = loaders[extension]
output.push({
test: new RegExp('\.' + extension + '$'),
use: loader
})
}
return output
}
// 消息通知
exports.createNotifierCallback = () => {
const notifier = require('node-notifier')
return (severity, errors) => {
if (severity !== 'error') return
const error = errors[0]
const filename = error.file && error.file.split('!').pop()
notifier.notify({
title: packageConfig.name,
message: severity + ': ' + error.name,
subtitle: filename || '',
icon: path.join(__dirname, 'logo.png')
})
}
}
vue-loader.conf.js
'use strict'
const utils = require('./utils') // 导入utils文件
const config = require('../config') // 导入config文件夹
const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' // 是否是生产环境(线上环境)
// 根据环境来获取相应的productionSourceMap或者cssSourceMap
const sourceMapEnabled = isProduction
? config.build.productionSourceMap
: config.dev.cssSourceMap
module.exports = {
loaders: utils.cssLoaders({
// 是否开始sourceMap 用来调试
sourceMap: sourceMapEnabled,
// 是否单独提取抽离css
extract: isProduction
}),
cssSourceMap: sourceMapEnabled,
cacheBusting: config.dev.cacheBusting,
// 在模版编译过程中,编译器可以将某些属性,如 src 路径,转换为require调用,以便目标资源可以由 webpack 处理.
transformToRequire: {
video: ['src', 'poster'],
source: 'src',
img: 'src',
image: 'xlink:href'
}
}
webpack.base.conf.js
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const config = require('../config')
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
function resolve(dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
module.exports = {
context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
// 入口文件
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
// 出口文件
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: '[name].js',
// 静态资源路径 根据环境来改变
publicPath:
process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
// 对模块进行解析
resolve: {
// 对模块的后缀进行解析 比如导入index 没有写后缀名 那么会自动先匹配.js>.vue>.json后缀文件
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
// 别名
alias: {
'@': resolve('src')
}
},
// 解析不同的模块
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
{
test: /.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
// 解析的包含的文件路径
include: [
resolve('src'),
resolve('test'),
resolve('node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client')
]
},
{
test: /.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(?.*)?$/,
// 用url-loader去解析图片资源
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
// 对输出的内容进行地址转换
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
// 解析视频音频
{
test: /.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
// 解析字体文件
{
test: /.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
node: {
// 阻止webpack注入无用的setImmediate polyfill
// prevent webpack from injecting useless setImmediate polyfill because Vue
// source contains it (although only uses it if it's native).
setImmediate: false,
// prevent webpack from injecting mocks to Node native modules
// that does not make sense for the client
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty'
}
}
webpack.dev.conf.js
'use strict'
const utils = require('./utils')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')
// 导入webpackage-merge 用来合并对象 去掉重复的属性
const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const path = require('path')
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
// 导入copy-webpack-plugin 用来复制
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
// 导入html-webpack-plugin 用来自动生成html
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
// 导入friendily-errors-webpack-plugin 用来收集和展示错误日志
const FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin')
// 导入portfinder 用来获取port
const portfinder = require('portfinder')
const HOST = process.env.HOST
const PORT = process.env.PORT && Number(process.env.PORT)
const devWebpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
// 解析样式文件的规则
rules: utils.styleLoaders({
sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap,
usePostCSS: true
})
},
// cheap-module-eval-source-map is faster for development
// 开发工具 用来调试
devtool: config.dev.devtool,
// these devServer options should be customized in /config/index.js
// 服务器
devServer: {
clientLogLevel: 'warning',
// HTML5 history api时,任意的404可能需要被替代为index.html
historyApiFallback: {
rewrites: [
{
from: /.*/,
to: path.posix.join(config.dev.assetsPublicPath, 'index.html')
}
]
},
// 启用热替换
hot: true,
// 告诉服务器从哪里提供内容,只有在你想要提供静态文件时才需要,这里是禁用
contentBase: false, // since we use CopyWebpackPlugin.
// 是否压缩
compress: true,
host: HOST || config.dev.host,
port: PORT || config.dev.port,
// 自动打开浏览器
open: config.dev.autoOpenBrowser,
// 编译出错时是否有提示
overlay: config.dev.errorOverlay
? { warnings: false, errors: true }
: false,
// 静态资源路径 此路径可在浏览器中打开
publicPath: config.dev.assetsPublicPath,
// 代理
proxy: config.dev.proxyTable,
// 启用quiet 意思是除了启动信息以外的任何信息都不会打印在控制台
quiet: true, // necessary for FriendlyErrorsPlugin
// 监视文件的选项
watchOptions: {
poll: config.dev.poll
}
},
// 插件
plugins: [
// 自定义一个plugin 生成当前环境的一个变量
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': require('../config/dev.env')
}),
// 模块热替换插件 修改模块时不需要刷新页面
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
// 当开启HMR的时候使用该插件会显示模块的相对路径
new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(), // HMR shows correct file names in console on update.
// 在编译出错时 使用NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin来跳过输出阶段 确保输出资源不会包含错误
new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),
// https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
// 自动生成html
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: 'index.html',
template: 'index.html',
inject: true
}),
// copy custom static assets
// 复制静态资源到开发环境的路径
new CopyWebpackPlugin([
{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
to: config.dev.assetsSubDirectory,
ignore: ['.*']
}
])
]
})
// 对端口的一个获取和输出
module.exports = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
portfinder.basePort = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port
portfinder.getPort((err, port) => {
if (err) {
reject(err)
} else {
// publish the new Port, necessary for e2e tests
process.env.PORT = port
// add port to devServer config
devWebpackConfig.devServer.port = port
// Add FriendlyErrorsPlugin
devWebpackConfig.plugins.push(
new FriendlyErrorsPlugin({
compilationSuccessInfo: {
messages: [
`Your application is running here: http://${devWebpackConfig.devServer.host}:${port}`
]
},
onErrors: config.dev.notifyOnErrors
? utils.createNotifierCallback()
: undefined
})
)
resolve(devWebpackConfig)
}
})
})
webpack.prod.conf.js
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')
const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin') // 抽离css
const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin') // 压缩css代码
const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin') // 丑化压缩JS代码
const env = require('../config/prod.env') // 导入环境变量
const webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
extract: true,
usePostCSS: true
})
},
devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? config.build.devtool : false,
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
},
plugins: [
// http://vuejs.github.io/vue-loader/en/workflow/production.html
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': env
}),
new UglifyJsPlugin({
uglifyOptions: {
compress: {
warnings: false
}
},
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
// 并行提高效率,并行数量与CPU的数量(默认为os.cpus().length - 1,也可以手动指定数量)相关。
parallel: true
}),
// extract css into its own file
new ExtractTextPlugin({
filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css'),
// Setting the following option to `false` will not extract CSS from codesplit chunks.
// Their CSS will instead be inserted dynamically with style-loader when the codesplit chunk has been loaded by webpack.
// It's currently set to `true` because we are seeing that sourcemaps are included in the codesplit bundle as well when it's `false`,
// increasing file size: https://github.com/vuejs-templates/webpack/issues/1110
allChunks: true
}),
// Compress extracted CSS. We are using this plugin so that possible
// duplicated CSS from different components can be deduped.
new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
cssProcessorOptions: config.build.productionSourceMap
? { safe: true, map: { inline: false } }
: { safe: true }
}),
// generate dist index.html with correct asset hash for caching.
// you can customize output by editing /index.html
// see https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: config.build.index,
template: 'index.html',
// 将js文件放到body标签的结尾(默认值),也可以选择插入到head中或者不插入
inject: true,
minify: {
// 删除index.html中的注释
removeComments: true,
// 删除index.html中的空格
collapseWhitespace: true,
// 删除各种html标签属性值的双引号
removeAttributeQuotes: true
// more options:
// https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
},
// necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin
// 确定script插入的顺序,dependency表示按照文件的依赖顺序进行处理
chunksSortMode: 'dependency'
}),
// keep module.id stable when vendor modules does not change
new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(),
// enable scope hoisting
// 预编译提升代码在浏览器中的执行速度
new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
// split vendor js into its own file
// 主要是用来提取第三方库和公共模块
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'vendor',
minChunks(module) {
// any required modules inside node_modules are extracted to vendor
return (
// "有正在处理文件" + "这个文件是 .js 后缀" + "这个文件是在 node_modules 中"
module.resource &&
/.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
module.resource.indexOf(path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')) === 0
)
}
}),
// extract webpack runtime and module manifest to its own file in order to
// prevent vendor hash from being updated whenever app bundle is updated
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'manifest',
minChunks: Infinity
}),
// This instance extracts shared chunks from code splitted chunks and bundles them
// in a separate chunk, similar to the vendor chunk
// see: https://webpack.js.org/plugins/commons-chunk-plugin/#extra-async-commons-chunk
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'app',
async: 'vendor-async',
children: true,
// minChunks为数字,则当模块被3个chunks公共引用,才会被抽取出来为common chunk
minChunks: 3
}),
// copy custom static assets
new CopyWebpackPlugin([
{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
ignore: ['.*']
}
])
]
})
if (config.build.productionGzip) {
// 开启Gzi压缩打包后的文件,把这个压缩包给浏览器,浏览器自动解压
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')
webpackConfig.plugins.push(
new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
asset: '[path].gz[query]',
algorithm: 'gzip',
test: new RegExp(
'\.(' + config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') + ')$'
),
threshold: 10240,
minRatio: 0.8
})
)
}
if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) {
// 打包编译后的文件打印出详细的文件信息,vue-cli默认把这个禁用了,个人觉得还是有点用的,可以自行配置
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer')
.BundleAnalyzerPlugin
webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}
module.exports = webpackConfig
config
dev.env.js
'use strict' //此文件时开发环境配置文件
const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const prodEnv = require('./prod.env')
// 合并两个配置文件对象并生成一个新的配置文件,如果合并的过程中遇到冲突的属性,第二个参数的属性会覆盖第一个参数的属性,减少重复代码
module.exports = merge(prodEnv, {
NODE_ENV: '"development"'
})
index.js
'use strict'
// Template version: 1.3.1
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
dev: {
// Paths
assetsSubDirectory: 'static', // 编译输出的二级目录
assetsPublicPath: '/', // 编译发布的根目录,可配置为资源服务器域名或 CDN 域名
proxyTable: {}, // 需要 proxyTable 代理的接口(可跨域)
// Various Dev Server settings
host: 'localhost', // can be overwritten by process.env.HOST
port: 8080, // can be overwritten by process.env.PORT, if port is in use, a free one will be determined
autoOpenBrowser: false, // 自动打开浏览器
errorOverlay: true,
notifyOnErrors: true,
poll: false, // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserver-watchoptions-
/**
* Source Maps
*/
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',
// If you have problems debugging vue-files in devtools,
// set this to false - it *may* help
// https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/options.html#cachebusting
cacheBusting: true,
cssSourceMap: true
},
build: {
// Template for index.html
// 编译输入的 index.html 文件, __dirname 是node的一个全局变量,获得当前文件所在目录的完整目录名
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),
// Paths
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'), // 编译输出的静态资源路径
assetsSubDirectory: 'static', // 编译输出的二级目录
assetsPublicPath: '/',// 编译发布的根目录,可配置为资源服务器域名或 CDN 域名
/**
* Source Maps
*/
productionSourceMap: true,
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#production
devtool: '#source-map',
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
productionGzip: false,
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
}
}
prod.env.js
'use strict'
module.exports = {
NODE_ENV: '"production"' // 开发环境
}
3.1.1.6 assets 和static的区别
assets和static都是放置静态文件的地方
不同的是,assets中的文件在打包时会进行压缩或者格式化的处理,体积会小一些。然后进入到static文件和index.html一起上传到服务器,但是static中的文件不会进行压缩和格式化的处理。相对体积会大一些
需要压缩的css和js文件可以放入assets中,进行压缩减少体积,但是第三方引入的iconfont等文件就直接放入static中,因为第三方的文件已经处理过了。
3.1.1.7 打包结果
css文件
js文件
转载自:https://juejin.cn/post/7258850748150317112