js 常见手写题

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2022年11月12日 00:17 · 阅读数 69

手写call

Function.prototype.myCall = function(thisArg, ...args) {
    const fn = Symbol('fn')        // 声明一个独有的Symbol属性, 防止fn覆盖已有属性
    thisArg = thisArg || window    // 若没有传入this, 默认绑定window对象
    thisArg[fn] = this              // this指向调用call的对象,即我们要改变this指向的函数
    const result = thisArg[fn](...args)  // 执行当前函数
    delete thisArg[fn]              // 删除我们声明的fn属性
    return result                  // 返回函数执行结果
}

//测试
foo.myCall(obj)

手写 apply

Function.prototype.myApply = function(thisArg, args) {
    const fn = Symbol('fn')        // 声明一个独有的Symbol属性, 防止fn覆盖已有属性
    thisArg = thisArg || window    // 若没有传入this, 默认绑定window对象
    thisArg[fn] = this              // this指向调用call的对象,即我们要改变this指向的函数
    const result = thisArg[fn](...args)  // 执行当前函数
    delete thisArg[fn]              // 删除我们声明的fn属性
    return result                  // 返回函数执行结果
}

//测试
foo.myApply(obj, [])

手写bind

Function.prototype.myBind = function (thisArg, ...args) {
    var self = this
    // new优先级
    var fbound = function () {
        self.apply(this instanceof self ? this : thisArg, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)))
    }
    // 继承原型上的属性和方法
    fbound.prototype = Object.create(self.prototype);

    return fbound;
}

//测试
const obj = { name: '写代码像蔡徐抻' }
function foo() {
    console.log(this.name)
    console.log(arguments)
}

foo.myBind(obj, 'a', 'b', 'c')()

防抖

function debounce(func, wait) {
    let timeout = null
    return function() {
        let context = this
        let args = arguments
        if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout)
        timeout = setTimeout(() => {
            func.apply(context, args)
        }, wait)
    }
}

节流

function throttle(func, wait) {
    let timeout = null
    return function() {
        let context = this
        let args = arguments
        if (!timeout) {
            timeout = setTimeout(() => {
                timeout = null
                func.apply(context, args)
            }, wait)
        }

    }
}


function throttle(func, wait) {
    var prev = 0;
    return function() {
        let now = Date.now();
        let context = this;
        let args = arguments;
        if (now - prev > wait) {
            func.apply(context, args);
            prev = now;
        }
    }
}

实现new

// new是关键字,这里我们用函数来模拟,new Foo(args) <=> myNew(Foo, args)
function myNew(foo, ...args) {
  // 创建新对象,并继承构造方法的prototype属性, 这一步是为了把obj挂原型链上, 相当于obj.__proto__ = Foo.prototype
  let obj = Object.create(foo.prototype)  
  
  // 执行构造方法, 并为其绑定新this, 这一步是为了让构造方法能进行this.name = name之类的操作, args是构造方法的入参, 因为这里用myNew模拟, 所以入参从myNew传入
  let result = foo.apply(obj, args)

  // 如果构造方法已经return了一个对象, 那么就返回该对象, 一般情况下，构造方法不会返回新实例，但使用者可以选择返回新实例来覆盖new创建的对象 否则返回myNew创建的新对象
  return typeof result === 'object' && result !== null ? result : obj
}

function Foo(name) {
  this.name = name
}
const newObj = myNew(Foo, 'zhangsan')
console.log(newObj)                 // Foo {name: "zhangsan"}
console.log(newObj instanceof Foo)  // true

继承

function Parent(name) {
    this.name = [name]
}
Parent.prototype.getName = function() {
    return this.name
}
function Child() {
    // 构造函数继承
    Parent.call(this, 'zhangsan') 
}
//原型链继承
// Child.prototype = new Parent()
Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype)  //将`指向父类实例`改为`指向父类原型`
Child.prototype.constructor = Child

//测试
const child = new Child()
const parent = new Parent()
child.getName()                  // ['zhangsan']
parent.getName()

jsonp

/**
     * 手写jsonp并返回Promise对象
     * 参数url，data:json对象，callback函数
     */
    function jsonp(url, data = {}, callback = 'callback') {
      // 处理json对象，拼接url
      data.callback = callback
      let params = []
      for (let key in data) {
        params.push(key + '=' + data[key])
      }
      console.log(params.join('&'))
      // 创建script元素
      let script = document.createElement('script')
      script.src = url + '?' + params.join('&')
      document.body.appendChild(script)
      // 返回promise
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        window[callback] = (data) => {
          try {
            resolve(data)
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e)
          } finally {
            // 移除script元素
            script.parentNode.removeChild(script)
            console.log(script)
          }
        }
      })

    }
    jsonp('http://photo.sina.cn/aj/index', {
      page: 1,
      cate: 'recommend'
    }, 'jsoncallback').then(data => {
      console.log(data)
    })

ajax promise

function getJson(url) {
	let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  	let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', url, true)
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    	if (this.readyState !== 4) return
      if (this.status === 200) {
      	resolve(this.response)
      } else {
      	reject(new Error(this.statusText))
      }
    }
    
    xhr.onerror = function() {
    	reject(new Error(this.statusText))
    }
    
    xhr.responseType = 'json'
    xhr.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'application/json')
    xhr.send(null)
  })
  return promise
}

深拷贝

if(obj.constructor === Date) return new Date(obj);

if(obj.constructor === RegExp) return new RegExp(obj)

let obj ={
  a: 15,
  b: 2,
  c: {
    d:1,
    e:3,
    fn: function(){
      console.log(1111111111111)
    },
    date: new Date(),
    reg: new RegExp(/^\d+$/g)
  }
}

function deepClone(obj) {
  let map = new WeakMap()
  function dc(obj) {
    let res, exitObj
    if (obj.constructor === Date) {
      return new Date(obj)
    }else if (obj.constructor === RegExp) {
      return new RegExp(obj)
    }else if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
      res = []
    } else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object Object]'){
      res = {}
    }else{
      return obj
    }
    exitObj = map.get(obj)
    if (exitObj) {
      return exitObj
    }
    map.set(obj, res)
    for (let key in obj) {
      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {  //symbol 换成Reflect.ownKeys
        if (obj[key] && typeof obj[key] === 'object'){
          res[key] = dc(obj[key])
        }else{
          res[key] = obj[key]
        }
      }
    }
    return res
  }
  return dc(obj)
}

let res = deepClone(obj)
			res.a = 5555
			console.log(obj)
			console.log(res)

深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历

其实简单来说深度优先就是自上而下的遍历搜索广度优先则是逐层遍历, 如下图所示

深度优先

js 常见手写题

广度优先

js 常见手写题

对于算法来说无非就是时间换空间空间换时间

深度优先不需要记住所有的节点, 所以占用空间小, 而广度优先需要先记录所有的节点占用空间大
深度优先有回溯的操作(没有路走了需要回头)所以相对而言时间会长一点

深度优先采用的是堆栈的形式, 即先进后出

广度优先则采用的是队列的形式, 即先进先出

const data = [    {        name: 'a',        children: [            { name: 'b', children: [{ name: 'e' }] },
            { name: 'c', children: [{ name: 'f' }] },
            { name: 'd', children: [{ name: 'g' }] },
        ],
    },
    {
        name: 'a2',
        children: [
            { name: 'b2', children: [{ name: 'e2' }] },
            { name: 'c2', children: [{ name: 'f2' }] },
            { name: 'd2', children: [{ name: 'g2' }] },
        ],
    }
]

// 深度遍历, 使用递归
function getName(data) {
    const result = [];
    data.forEach(item => {
        const map = data => {
            result.push(data.name);
            data.children && data.children.forEach(child => map(child));
        }
        map(item);
    })
    return result.join(',');
}

// 广度遍历, 创建一个执行队列, 当队列为空的时候则结束
function getName2(data) {
    let result = [];
    let queue = data;
    while (queue.length > 0) {
        [...queue].forEach(child => {
            queue.shift();
            result.push(child.name);
            child.children && (queue.push(...child.children));
        });
    }
    return result.join(',');
}

console.log(getName(data))
console.log(getName2(data))

promise

class Promise{
  constructor(executor){
    this.state = 'pending';
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
    this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
    let resolve = value => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'fulfilled';
        this.value = value;
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    };
    let reject = reason => {
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.state = 'rejected';
        this.reason = reason;
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    };
    try{
      executor(resolve, reject);
    } catch (err) {
      reject(err);
    }
  }
  then(onFulfilled,onRejected) {
    onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
    onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err };
    let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      };
      if (this.state === 'rejected') {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = onRejected(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      };
      if (this.state === 'pending') {
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0);
        });
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onRejected(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0)
        });
      };
    });
    return promise2;
  }
  catch(fn){
    return this.then(null,fn);
  }
}
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){
  if(x === promise2){
    return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'));
  }
  let called;
  if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
    try {
      let then = x.then;
      if (typeof then === 'function') { 
        then.call(x, y => {
          if(called)return;
          called = true;
          resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
        }, err => {
          if(called)return;
          called = true;
          reject(err);
        })
      } else {
        resolve(x);
      }
    } catch (e) {
      if(called)return;
      called = true;
      reject(e); 
    }
  } else {
    resolve(x);
  }
}
//resolve方法
Promise.resolve = function(val){
  return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
    resolve(val)
  });
}
//reject方法
Promise.reject = function(val){
  return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
    reject(val)
  });
}
//race方法 
Promise.race = function(promises){
  return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
    for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
      promises[i].then(resolve,reject)
    };
  })
}
//all方法(获取所有的promise，都执行then，把结果放到数组，一起返回)
Promise.all = function(promises){
  let arr = [];
  let i = 0;
  function processData(index,data){
    arr[index] = data;
    i++;
    if(i == promises.length){
      resolve(arr);
    };
  };
  return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
    for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
      promises[i].then(data=>{
        processData(i,data);
      },reject);
    };
  });
}

数组扁平化排序

let arr = [ [1, 2, 2], [3, 4, 5, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, [11, 12, [12, 13, [14] ] ] ], 10]

arr.toString().split(',').sort((a,b)=>a-b).map(Number)
			
while(arr.some(item => Array.isArray(item))) {
  arr = [].concat(...arr)
}

数组转对象

const arr  = [
    {
        username:    'makai',
        displayname: '馆长',
        email:       'guanzhang@coffe1891.com'
    },
    {
        username:    'xiaoer',
        displayname: '小二',
        email:       'xiaoer@coffe1891.com'
    },
    {
        username:    'zhanggui',
        displayname: '掌柜',
        email:       null
    },
];

function callback(acc, person) {
    //下面这句用到了扩展运算符...acc，表示把acc对象的属性“肢解”开，和新的属性一起
    //以一个新的对象返回
    return {...acc, [person.username]: person};
}
const obj = arr.reduce(callback, {});//这里的初始值为{}
console.log(obj);

浮点数三位一个逗号

function format(number){
  if(number.indexOf('.') == -1) {
    return number.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+$)/g, ',')
  } else {
    return number.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+.)/g, ',')
  }
}

观察者模式

class Subject{
  constructor(arg) {
    this.observers = [] 
  }

  add(observer) {
    this.observers.push(observer)
  }
  notify(...args) {
    this.observers.forEach(item => item.update(...args))
  }
}
class Observer {
  update(...args) {
    console.log(...args)
  }
}
let sub = new Subject()
let observer1 = new Observer()
let observer2 = new Observer()
sub.add(observer1)
sub.add(observer2)
sub.notify('4564')

树状菜单

let arr = [
  { id: 1, name: '广东', pid: 0 },
  { id: 2, name: '广州', pid: 1 },
  { id: 3, name: '天河', pid: 2 },
  { id: 4, name: '白云', pid: 2 },
  { id: 5, name: '广西', pid: 0 },
  { id: 6, name: '玉林', pid: 5 },
  { id: 7, name: '北流', pid: 6 },
  { id: 8, name: '深圳', pid: 1 },
  { id: 9, name: '东莞', pid: 1 },
  { id: 10, name: '松山湖', pid: 9 },
]

function getMenu(data) {
  let ans = []
  let map = new WeakMap()
  if (data && data.length) {
    data.forEach(item => map[item.id] = item)
    data.forEach(menu => {
      let parent = map[menu.pid]
      if (parent) {
        parent.chidlren = parent.chidlren || []
        parent.chidlren.push(menu)
      } else {
        // 是顶级
        ans.push(menu)
      }
    })
  }
  return ans
}

console.log(getMenu(arr))

数组查找路径

const data = [  {    name: 'a',    children: [      { name: 'b', children: [{ name: 'e' }] },
      { name: 'c', children: [{ name: 'f' }] },
      { name: 'd', children: [{ name: 'g' }] },
    ],
  },
  {
    name: 'a2',
    children: [
      { name: 'b2', children: [{ name: 'e2' }] },
      { name: 'c2', children: [{ name: 'f2' }] },
      { name: 'd2', children: [{ name: 'g2' }] },
    ],
  }
]
function fn(data, name, path) {
  if (!path) path = []
  for(let i =0;i<data.length;i++) {
    let item = data[i]
    let temp = [...path]
    temp.push(item.name)
    if (item.name === name) return temp
    if (item.children) {
      let res = fn(item.children, name, temp)
      if (res) return res
    }
  }
}

持续更新~~~

转载自:https://juejin.cn/post/7038773226402480142

js 常见手写题

jsonp

ajax promise

深拷贝

深度优先遍历 和 广度优先遍历

promise

数组扁平化排序

数组转对象

浮点数三位一个逗号

观察者模式

树状菜单

数组查找路径

深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历